Reciprocating engine



y J. H. JOHNSON 2,001,577

7 RECIPROCATING ENGINE I Filed July 23, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jw/veW/Zm" y 1935. J. H. JOHNSON RECIPROCATING ENGINE Filed July 25', 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 19357 J. H. JOHNSON 2,001,577

REC IPROCATING ENGINE Filed July 23, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 .54 4 p54 49 II lTli-jl I'll l l jnvenior.

m .59 72/7 Ai'iorn/eys y 1935- I J J. H. JOHNSON 2,001,577

REC IBROCATING ENGINE Filed July 25, 1932 5 SheetsQSheet 4 l'n/venfior MZZZOTWZ v Patented May 14, 1935 UNITED STATES PATEN 7 Claims.

This invention relates to reciprocating engines, and particularly it relates to convertible steam internal combustion engines.

At the present. development of the steam engine and'the internal combustion engine of the Diesel type, it is a well recognized fact that in generating power the steam engine is more efiicient in operation than the internal combustion engine if the exhaust steam from the steam engine can be utilized as process steam or for heating purposes. It is also 'a well recognized fact that the internal combustion engine and particularly the Diesel engine is more efiicient in generating power than the steam engine when the exhaust steam from the steam engine cannot be utilized as process steam or for heating purposes. I In many situations where power is required, steam for process use, or for heating is at times also required, while at other times no steam for process use or for heating is required. Also at certain times more steam for process use or for heating may beneeded than at other times and there also may be fluctuating requirements as to the power needed.

It is the general object of this invention to provide, for use with power driven machinery and steam utilizing devices, a convertible engine, which can be placed under internal combustion power operation, or under steam operation, or under both, to drive the power driven machinery and supply exhaust steam for the steam utilizing devices most efficiently. I

It is a further object to provide a inulti-cylinder engine for this purpose, any or all of which cyl inders can be operated as steam cylinders ofa steam engine and any or all of which cylinders can be operated as cylinders of'an internal combustion engine, such as a two cycle Diesel type engine.

Yet another object is to provide, with such an engine, proper control mechanisms making the engine responsive to the requirementsof the power driven mechanism and at the same time responsive to the requirements of the steam utilizing devices.

Another object of the invention is to increase the efliciency of 2. Diesel type internal combustion engine by introducing steam into the combustion space, thereby furnishing greater quantities of panying drawings, wherein like reference characters refer to the same or similar parts throughout the various views and, in which,

Fig. 1 is a View takenchiefly in side elevation of a multi-cylinder engine embodying the present invention, certain of the parts'being brokenaway and other parts being shown in-vertical section,.some of the parts used with one eylinde being omitted; V

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2-4 of Fig. 1, as indicated by the arrows;

Fig; -,3 is a plan view of the engine, some of the parts being broken away and shown in section;

portion of the engine looking toward the fly wheel end of the same;

Fig. 5 is an irregular vertical section taken substantially on the line 55 of Fig. 4, as indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken on; the line 6-6 of Fig. 5, as indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section taken onthe line 1'-1 of Fig. 5, as indicated by the arrows; Fig; Bis a vertical section taken on the line Fig. 4 is a view in end'elevation of the upper T OFFIC 8-8 of Fig. 5, as indicated by the arrows, certain 1 to clearly show for use in driving a generator and for supplying exhaust steam to a heating system;

Fig. 11 is a view taken chiefly in vertical sec tion and illustrating a type of hydraulic pressure regulator that may be used with the engine, the

jack of the regulator being-setat from its true position, as viewed in Fig.

Fig. 12 is a detailed view illustrating chiefly in vertical section, part of the mechanismoperated by the hydraulic pressure regulator;

Fig. 13 is a vertical longitudinal section taken through one of the valves that .is used; and

Fig. 14 is a. section taken on the line l4--|4 of Fig. 13, as indicated by the arrows. Y

The type of engine chosen for illustration of the invention is a multi-cylinder engine, only two cylinders of which are shown in detail and which cylinders are each capable of operation either in the manner of a steam engineora two-cycle Diesel engine. It will be clearly understood that my engine may have any number of cylinders and that it is entirely possible to so construct-the en-' gine that each cylinder may operate in the manner of either a two or four cycle internal combustion engine of any type, as well as to also operate as a steam engine.

Referring to the drawings, the engine as shown includes a crank case I within which a suitably formed crank shaft I I is journaled, the said crank shaft adjacent one end carrying a flywheel I2. Cylinders I3 rise from the crank case In and each cylinderhas a ringequipped piston |4 mounted for reciprocation therein below a head |5.- The expansion space between the head I5 and the upper end of the piston I4 is designated by the numeral I6. 'The cylinder l3 at the left of Fig. 1 maybe designated as an entirety by the letter A in contra-distinction to the cylinder at theright of Fig; 1 which may be designated as an entirety by the letter B. I Y

Mounted in the head I5 of each cylinder,, the head being formed to accommodate the same, are

' a fuel intake valveassembly C for Diesel. operation, a steam intake valve assembly D for steam 1 operation and a steam exhaust valve assembly E be withdrawn for exhaustion into the air. Fig. the exhaust steam pipe I33 is shown as also for steam operation. In the side of each cylinder I3 is a port H which communicates with the expansion space I6 immediately above the head of thepiston I4-whe'n the piston is in its lowermost position. This port will be closed by the piston at all other times. This port I1 serves as an intake for scavenging air under pressure which may be su'pplied'to the port through a conduit I8 equipped with a valve I9. Air may be furnished to theconduit I! by a pump |3| as shown in Fig. 10. Opposite the scavenging air 7 port I! there is provided an exhaust port which communicates with'the expansion space IE only when the piston I4 is in its extreme lowermost position and is closed by the piston at all other times. A conduit 2| having two outlets 22 and 23 communicates with this port20 and this conduit is equipped with-a three-way valve to permit deflection ofexhaust gases under Diesel operation to the outlet 22 andto permit deflection of exhaust steam under steam operation to the outlet-23. In' practice,'jthe various outlets 22 or the differentcylinders will be connected to an exhaust pipe-I32; Also in practice the various outlets 23 of the different cylinders will be connected to a common exhaust steam pipe I33 from which steam may bedrawnfor process work or for heating purposes or from which steam may In connected 'to a steam utilizing device; radiator I34, where the steam is utilized'for heating pur- The fuel intake valve-assembly C for Diesel operation is best'shown in Fig. 9. This assembly includes a valve cage 25 mounted at the central portion of the head-I5 and projecting downwardly'through a passage in the head toscommunicate at its lower end with the expansion space I6 of the particular cylinder to which the assembly C is applied; At its lower end, the cage 25 forms a 'valvei'seatz 26. The cage 25'above valve-seat 26 is shaped to formapump chamber 21 within which a pum'p'plunger 28 is mounted for reciprocation. The plunger 28 has a reduced shankwhich. projects upwardly above the plunger-properand is screw-threaded adjacent its upper end to receive arn ut 29; Above the chamber 21 a second chamber 30 is formed in the'cage V 25 and the shank of plunger 28 carries a flange 3| which 'fits'within this chamber to. A-coiled pressure spring. 32 reacts between the flange 3| and the bottom of chamber 30 and this spring surrounds the shank of plunger 28. A tube 33 running through the head I5 affords communi cation betweenthe upper end of the expansion chamber I6 and the upper end of chamber 30 above flange 3|. The plunger 28 is provided with a longitudinal bore throughout its length within which the stem. of a valve '34 extends, the said valve being adapted to seat against'seat 26. The

stem of the-valve 34 projects above the shank of plunger 28 and is equipped at its upperend with a head between whichand the upper end of the shank of plunger 28 a coiled pressure spring 35 reacts. A liquid fuel supply conduit 36, running from any suitable source of supply such as tank I35, runs into the head I5 from the right side thereof as viewed in Fig. 9 through a passage providedin the head and communicates with the chamber 21 through an opening-31 adjacent the lower end of the cage A valve seat 38- is formed in the conduit 3G adjacent its inner end and acheck .valve'39 cooperates with thisseat and has a stem whichpruns outwardly through a portion of conduit '35 toterminatc in a head,

there being a coiled pressure spring 4|i'sur rou'nde 1 ing the stem of. the check valve 39 and reacting between the head of "thestem andpa portion of the conduit 36.

The steam intake valve assembly/D is best-illustrated in detail in Fig. 2, and ;this,assembly is located to the rightof the, valve assembly C as viewed in. Fig. l. -A.va-lve cage 4| ismounterl in av vertical passage through the. head I5 and this valve cage terminatesina valve seat;4.2, the-passage through which communicates with the-expansionchamber I6. A valve 43 guidedby the space I6 and thechamber 44 above the flange 46.

The lowersportion of the valve-cage 4| is slotted to alford' communication with a horizontal pas- Sage 48 projecting through the head I5 from adjacent the valve cage 4| to the right side of the head as viewed in Fig. 2. A conduit equipped with. a three-way valve 50 and having two inlet mouths 5| and 52 respectively, is connected to the head I5 to afiord communication with the passage 48. In practice, the mouths 5| of the conduits 43 of the-various cylinders will-be connected to a common steamsupply pipe I36 to which steam under pressure may be supplied as from a steam boiler I31. In practice the mouths 5,2 of the various conduits 49 for thedifierent cylinders will be connected to a common air supply conduit |8a to which air under pressure may be supplied from the pump |3| and conduit I8: The

steam exhaust valve assembly E is constructed identically the same, as is the steam intake valve assembly Dand therefore no detailed description of the same is necessary. Suifice itto say that the steam exhaust-valve is designated by the numeral 53 and that the conduit leading to the pass .sage through the head I5 communicating with the Valve cage for the exhaust valve .53'is designatedjby the numeral 54, as best illustrated'in Fig. 4 and Fig..10. ."Ihis conduit 54, like the conduit 49, is equipped with a three-way valve 55;,

illustrated in detail in Figs. 13 and 14,and it has a steam exhaust outlet 56 and an inlet mouth 5! for air or steam. In practice-the various exhaust outlets 56 will be connected to the exhaust steam pipe I33. Connected to the'inlet mouth 51 is a three-way fitting I38 equipped with a valve I39 and having an air intake mouth I 49 and a steam intake mouth MI. The air intake mouths I40 of the various cylinders will, in practice, be connected to air supply conduit I8a, while the steam intake mouths I4I of the various cylinders will be connected to steam supply pipe I36.

- Mounted on each cylinder head I5 to the left of the various valve assemblies, as illustrated in Fig.2, are a pair of bearing brackets 58, within each pair-of which there is mounted for oscillation a short crank shaft 59 squared at one end to receive a crank 60. The shaft 59 is provided with three crank portions, the two outer ones of which are similarly located and the medial one of which is offset fromthe axial line of the shaft 59 in a direction, preferably although not necessarily, generally opposite from the offset of the outer crank portions of the shaft. A rocker arm 6| is mounted for oscillation on'the central crank portion of the shaft 59, while rocker arms 62 and 63 respectively are mounted for oscillation on the outer crank portions of the shaft. Each rocker arm 6I, 62, and 63 has a left end, as viewed in Fig. 2, forked to receive a pin upon which a cam'roller 641s mounted. The right ends of the two rocker arms 62 and 63 project over thestems of the respective valves 53 and 43 and each of said'ends of the said rocker arms carries alock nut equipped screw 65 which will bear against the valve stem immediately below the same. The right or inner end of the rocker arm 6 I, as viewed in Figs. 2 and 9, is forked to receive the shank of the plunger 28 and this end of the said rocker arm bears against the nut 29 (Fig. 9). It will beseen that by rotation of crank shaft 59, the rocker arms 6 I, 62 and 63 may be raised or lowered and that, due to the crankformation of the crank shaft, as the rocker arm 6| is lowered the two rocker arms 62 and 63 will be raised and vice versa. To lock each crank shaft 59 from rotation in two different positions, in one of which the rocker arm 6| will be lowered to its extreme position and the rocker arms 62 and 69 will be raised to their extreme position, and in the other of which "the rocker arm SI will be raised to its highest position and the rocker arms 82 and 63 will be lowered to their lowest position, there is pivotally mounted on one of the, bearing brackets 58 a spring pressed dog 66 which may be engaged with the shaft 58 within either one of two oppositely disposed dog receiving recesses 6! formed within the shaft adjacent one end of the same. In Fig. 5 one of the two crank shafts 59 shown, is illustrated in one locked position, whilethe other crank shaft is shown in a second locked position.

' Mounted on the cylinders I3 adjacent their upper ends to project outwardly from the various crank shafts 59 below the same, are a plurality of bearing brackets 68 within which a'tubular cam shaft 69 is journaled. To drive this cam shaft, a beveled gear I8 is mounted adjacent one end of the main crank shaft I I of the engine and this beveled gear meshes with 2/ beveled gear II mounted on an upright shaft I2 journaled in suitable bearings and running upwardly to a point adjacent the right end of cam shaft69, as viewed in Fig. 1. The cam shaft 69 is driven from the shaft I2 through the mediurn'of a beveled gear I3 secured to the upper end of shaft I2 and a beveled gear I4 secured'to the adjacent end'of thecam shaft 69. Disposed within the tubular cam shaft 69 are' a pair of slidable cam operatingshafts "I5" and I6 respectiv'ely,'both of said shafts being of tubular construction, and the inner shaft I5 whichis used for operating the Diesel cams being inwardly nested in the outer shaft I6 which will operate one of the steam cams. The two sliding shafts I5 and I6 project beyond the left end of cam shaft 69 as viewed in Fig. 5 and a ring bearing 11 I is secured to this end of the camshaft 69 to support the sliding shafts at this point. The outer sliding shaft I6 is also centrally spaced from ,the cam shaft 69 at spaced points by means of diae metrically opposed lugs I8 formed integral with or secured to the outer sliding shaft 16. A grooved shipper ring I9 is secured to the sliding shaft I6 outwardly from'but adjacent the ring bearing TI and diametricallyopposed longitudinal slots 86 are cut in sliding shaft I6 outwardly fromshipper ring I9 to receivea cross pin 8| connectedat its ends to a second grooved shipper ring 82 :encircling slidingshaft I6 but slidable thereon. This pin 8I also projects through diametrically opposed longitudinal slots 83 cut in the inner slid-' greater length ing shaft I5 and of considerably than the'slots 86.

Adjacentthe positions that the cam rollers on.

The rings 88 encircle the cam shaft 69' but are slidable thereon. Neighboring slots 84 and 86 are of the same length, while the neighboring slots 85. are of considerably greater length than the slots 84 and 86. Each cam 89 is of apeculia'r shape, which is best shownin Figs. land 7. The cam has a forward edge-which extends practically straight crosswise of the surface of the ring 88 but the'rea'r edge of the cam extends somewhat diagonally transversely of the ring. The'cam tapers from a peak or high point adjacent its extreme right hand edge as viewed in Fig. 1, and in Fig. 5, to a low point joining the surface of the ring as. The slot 34 is of sufficient length to per- 1 I mit sliding movement of the bar 81 and ring 88 to carry the cam 89 from such a position where all portions of the same are out of line with the roller 64 of the rocker arm 6| therefor, to a position where the high point of the cam 89 is directly in line with the roller 64 of rocker arm 6|.

It should'be also here "noted that as viewed in ends of the slots 86 as viewed in Fig. 5, and coiled pressure springs 6| extend between and react against the pins 98 and the left sides of the cross bars 8?.-

A coiled tension spring 92 is connected at one end to the cross pin 8 I and at its other end to the extreme left end cross. pin 96, as viewed in Fig. 5. Accordingly spring 92 tends to move the shipper collar 82 to the right while it tends to move the inner sliding shaft I5 to the left .as viewed in Fig. 5. The springs 9| tend to retain the cross bars 8'! and accordingly the cam rings l9 and cams 09 in extreme right hand positions abutting the right ends of the slots :84 until such time as the right ends of the slots 96 strike the crossbars .81, during sliding movement of the inner sliding shaft 15to theileft, v r

The lugs 18 carried by outer sliding shafts I6 are located somewhat to the right, of the planes of the rollers 64 mounted on the rocker arms 63,

' when. the sliding shafts '16" and '15 are in the position's shown inFig. '5. Pairsuof blocks 93 are mounted forsliding movement on the lugs I8 in diametricallyopposed :slots 94 cut in the cam 1 shaft .69. below therollers on the rocker. arms 63 and projected to the right of the rocker arms as yi'ewed in Fig. 5. Steam intake valve cam rings .95 .encirclethe cam shaft 69 and are fixed to the blocks '93. Each of .these cam rings 95 carries a.

steam intake cam .96 thereon and it also carries acam-J'I thereon for operating the rocker arm 63 .Qaboyethe same to supply steam or scavenging air to itsvalve 43; The cam '96 is a low flatcam as best shown in Figs. 1, .5 and 8 and is of the same height throughout. The forward edge of the cam extends transversely of the ring 95, while the rear edge of the cam inclines from the left edge of the cam rearwardly to-the right edge V of the same. The cam 91 is formed on aprojecting flange of the ring 95at theleft of the cam 96 and the cam 91 projects higherthan the cam 96.

Agrooved flange -99 adaptedto receive a spanner 1 wrench is formed on the periphery of ring .95 adjacent its right-edge. The'ring95 and blocks 93 .to "which the ring is secured are adapted to be shifted and locked in two different positions. In

.one position each ring95 is adapted to be locked :to the cam shaft -69 tobring thecam 91 into aline- "ment with the roller 5410f the adjacent rocker arm fii. In the other position the ring is locked to the lugs I of cam shaft I6 to permit the ring 7 .as best seen in Fig.8. A T-shaped plunger 99 isslidably mounted within an aperture projecting to be slid with the shaftv'lfi, to bring the cam .96.

more or less intow alinement with the roller of the rocker arm 63.

.arm 63 as viewed in Fig. 5. To look the ring 95 :to cam shaft 69 any suitable construction may :be provided, such as that shown in the drawings,

7 through the grooved flange portion of ring 95 and also in a longitudinal slot I3I formed in cam shaft 09. The head of the T-shaped plunger may fit attimes within notches I00 in the cam shaft 69 adjacent one of .the slots 94. A bow spring IOI is securedto the upper and outer end of the T- shapedplungerv 991 and the ends of this bowshaped spring bear against-the groove of the flanged groove 98. .The spring "II is, of course, under tension to pull the head of the plunger 99 outwardly to be received within the notches I00. To lock the cam ring 95' to the outer sliding shaft 'I6,a recess I02 is formed in one of. the pair of I lugs 18. Within this recess there is mounted a block I03 under spring tension to move outwardly by reason of a small. coiled springtl04 fitting within recess 102 and bearing against block I03.

Another T-shaped plunger I05 projects through In this second position the cam 91 will be disposed to the left of the rocker position. 1. '1 Y I6 is mounted on'the; crank case,

is attached to the outer end of plunger 405 bears at its ends against the groove of flange 98 to urge theplunger I05 outwardly. By application ofa spanner wrench to the grooved flange 98 ofring 95 while cam shaft 69 is rotating, it will '99 and I06 respectively to permit sliding movement of ring 95 and blocks .93 attached thereto relative to both cam shaft '69 andouter sliding shaft I0. ,In' this manner it is'possible'to .slide be seen that both plungers 99 and I05 may be depressed against the tension of -their springs the ring 95 to the proper position to cause locking:

engagement of the same either with the cam shaft 69 or with the outer sliding shaft J6.

A'block I0'I is slidably mounted ina slot I081! cut in cam shaft 69 adjacent the position of the and a rear edge, both of which extend transversely.

of ring I08. Cam H0 is higher than cam I09 but I it is of shorter length than the same, .cam H0 being disposed to the left of cam I09 as viewed in Fig. 5. There is also formed on ring I08 a grooved flange III adapted to receive a spanner wrench. A T-shaped plunger I I2 similar in all respects to plunger 99 projects through an aperture in the grooved flange III-and through an aperture in block I01 and the head of this plunger may fit within a recess formed within block I01. Ring I08 and block I0'I may be shifted and locked in'two different positions relative to cam shaft and for this purpose the cam shaft is provided with two pair of oppositely disposed notches H3 and H4 respectively, at the sides of each slot IBM. The head of the plunger II2 may fit within either set of these notches and is urged into engagement with these notches by means of a bow, spring I similar to the springs 99 and I06 and connected to the plunger H2 at its outer end and bearing againstthegroove of the grooved flange IH The notches H3 and H4 are spaced longitudinally of cam shaft 69 from each other and whenthe plunger I I2 is disposed withirinotches I I3, cam .I I0 will be alined with the roller 64 of rocker arm 62; while whenplunger II21is engaged within notches I I4, cam I09 will be alined with roller 64 of rocker arm 62. By use of aqspanner wrench applied within the grooved flange H I,plunger H2 maybe depressed tothrow the same out of both sets of notches I I3 and Il4 whereupon the ring I08 maybe slid I An oil sump I it at the opposite end thereof from the flywheel I2 and located within the oilsump'is an oil pump I I1 having a pump shaft 8 driven from ,the main crank shaft II by means-of a beveled gear H9 mounted on the crank shaft and abeveled gear I mounted on the pump shaft IIO. Connected to therpumpv shaft I I 8 and operatively applied for use with the pump I I1 and for actuation of a link I2! is a centrifugal hydraulic governor I22 of standard construction and which it will not be necessary to, describe in detail. A bell crank shipper lever I23 ispivotallyjconnected to the link I2I and operatively appliedforshiftingthe shipper ring'82. The centrifugal hydraulic gov.-' erncr is so constructed and connected-to the shipper lever I23 that as the speed of the crank fromzone position to itsfother shaft II decreases,-the shipper ring 82 will move to the left as viewed in Fig. 1, while as the speed of the engine increases, the shipper ring 82 will move to the right as similarly viewed.

An hydraulic pressure regulator I24, best illustrated in Figs- 10 and 11,-and including an hydraulic jack I24a mountedon a bracket I27 carried by the left hand cylinder I3, is provided. This hydraulic pressure regulator is of standard construction and need not be described in detail. It is connected by a conduit I42 to the exhaust steam pipe I33 and. it operates a sliding rod I25 connected to the plunger of the jack I240t. As the steam pressure in the steam utilizing device I34 drops below the point for which the regulator I 24 is set, which is significant for need of more steam to besupplied from the exhaust steam pipe I33,

' the steam pressure regulator-will operate to move the rod I to the right as viewed in Figs. 1, l1 and 12. Similarly, as the steam pressure in the steam utilizing device I34 rises above the point for which the regulator I24 is set, which is significant of the fact that more steam is supplied from the exhaust steam pipe I33 than isneeded to operate the steam utilizing device I34, the steam pressure regulator will cperateto move the rod I25to the left, as viewed in Figs. 1, 11 and 12. lever I26 operably associated with the shipper ring I9 is suitably fulcrumed on bracket 52? and this shipper lever, as best shown in Fig. 12, has a hollow upper end receiving a sliding pin I28. The lever below the pin I28 is provided with an aperture I26a through which the rod 525 extends and this rod is provided with a notch I36 which normally receivesthe lower end of the pin I28. The pin I23 is normally pressed into the notch I36 by means of a coiled spring I29, surrounding the upper portion of the leverI25, anchored at its upper end to the lever and bearing at its lower end against a cross pin i28a secured to the pin I28 and projecting through oppositely disposed slots in the sides'of the lever I26. pressure regulator I24 calls for more steam and rod I25 is moved to the right, as viewed in Figs. 1, ll and 12, if the shipper ring I9 is capable of moving to the left, the shipper lever I26 through engagement of the spring pressed pin 128 in the notch I36 will swing on its fulcrum to slide the shipper ring 79 to the left. If movement of the shipper ring I9 to the left is prevented by reason of the position of the shipper ring 82, as the rod I25 moves to the right, the spring pressed pin I 28 will rise out of the notch I36 to permit the movement of the rod I25 without swinging the shipper lever I26. As the steam pressure in the steam utilizing device I34 rises above the point for which the regulator I24 is set, and the rod I25 is moved to the left, as viewed in Fig. '1, the shipper lever I26, if the pin I28 is engaged in the notch Operation shipper ring I9 to the For the purpose of describing Diesel operation of the engine, let us temporarily consider only cylinder A and the parts associated therewith. For-operation of cylinder A under Diesel power, the parts associated therewith will be set to take the position shown at the left of Fig.' 5. The

crank shaft 59 will be locked by the dog 66 in such A shipper As the hydraulic position that the Diesel intake valve rocker arm (H is in its lowest relation, whilethe other two rocker arms 62 and 63 are in their highest relation.- The steam intake cam ring 95 will be locked by means of plunger 99 to the cam shaft 69 so that the cam 91 is in line with the roller. of steam intake valve rocker arm 63.. The steam exhaust cam ring I I I will be locked to the cam shaft 69 by means of engagement ,of plunger H2 within notches II3 to aline the cam III) withthe cam roller of steam exhaust valve rocker arm 62. Valve I9 in air'supply conduit I8 will beopened, valve 24 will be. disposed as shown in Fig. 2, to permit the exhaust of exploded gasesthrough the mouth 22 of conduit 2I and exhaust pipe I32, and valve 50 will be set to permit the admission of air from pump I3I and conduit IBa. through v the mouth 52 to conduit 49, While valves 56 and I39 will be set to permit admission of air fromthe pump I3I and conduit I8athrough mouths I46 and 51 to conduit 54.

The engine may be initially started in the mannor of any Diesel engine or as later described. At the time that the engine first starts thecentrifugal hydraulic governor I22, if it-has not raised link lZI upwardly it will quickly do so to move the bell crank shipper lever I23 and sliding shipper ring 82 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 1.- As this occurs, the pin 8i will of course slide to the left in the slots 86 and 83 of sliding shafts 15 and 16, thereby exerting increased tension onthe spring 92 which is of quite heavy construction. The tension of spring 92 after the shipper ring 82 has moved a short distance to the left, will cause the inner sliding shaft I5 to. also slide to the left whereupon the ends of the slots 86 will strike the cross bar 81 and as continued movement of the shipper ring 82 takes place, the sliding shaftil5 will" engage the cross bar 81 to ,move the bar, Diesel cam ring 88 and Dieselcam 89 therewith. Of course, the pressure spring 92 will retain-the crossbar 8! against the ends of the. slots 64 to prevent sliding movement of the Diesel camring 88 to the left until such time as the ends of the slots 86 strike the cross bar 8I. Due to the fact that the slots 86 in shaft I5 are considerably shorter than the slots 86 in outer sliding shaft I6, sliding movement of the outer shaft l6 to'the left will-not necessarily take place before the Diesel cam ring 88 moves to theleft. As the Diesel cam ring 88 moves to the left, the Diesel cam 89 will be brought intoline withthe cam roller 64 of the Diesel .intake valve rocker arm 8 I ,and the farther that cam 89 moves to the left, the higher willbe the portion of the cam 89 in, line with this cam roller. Of course,-the roller-64 of the rocker arm 6| will be struck by the cam 89 as the cam shaft 69 revolves, and the rocker arm will beraised through varying distances dependent on whether .a low or a high portion of the cam 69is alined with the roller of the rocker arm. Also during rotation of the cam shaft 69, the two, cams 9! and I II] will strike the rollers 64 of the respective rocker arms 63 and 62 to raise these rocker arms.

'As' the forked end of the Diesel intake'valve rocker arm'ISI overlying the nut29 on the shank of plunger 26 is depressed through raising movement of the roller equipped end of the said rocker arm, the plunger 28 willbe depressed in the pump chamber 21 against the tension of spring 32. Downward movement of the plunger 28in pump chamber 21 will move valve34 downwardly, from its seat 26 against thetension of spring35 to discharge whatever fuel there may be in pump chamber 21 into the expansion space I6 of the cylinder I3; Back movement of fuel from v the pump chamberi I throughthe liquid fuel con- 'duit 38 1s of course prevented by reason of the check valve. The area of the upper surface of the "flange 3! connectedto the shank. of the phinger 28' is the sameas the-area of the head ofthe valve 34, so as to permit discharge fuel 'into rthe expansion space I irrespective of the pressure of gases within, this expansion space.

After theroller 64 of 'rocker arm 65 rides over-the 8-9, spring 32 will ofeourse raise-the plunger I! to draw into the pump'chamber '21 another charge of fuelimm the supply conduit 36. ---As"the camroller equipped ends or the" two rocker arms 32 and rise, these rocker arms wilt depress themspeetive valves 43 and 53 and'air underpressurewi-lt be supplied by way'of' the r'nouths 52 and 51 mspectively through the valve cages for the said respectivevalues into the expan'sion space I6 tocool the-said valves, and supissue from the port II to the expansion space f6 to scavenge the same by forcing the spent gases through the exhaust port 20 and at the same time to supply fresh air to the expansion space IB forthe next charge. As the piston I4 raises from its lowermost position, it will first close ofi communication between the ports II amaze andthe expansion space I6 and-it will then compress the gases in the expansion space until at the end of the upward stroke the'jgases are compressed. to such a. point that they will ignite a charge oi fuel admitted to the expansion space by reason of the; actuation of the fuel admission valve 34. Operation of this valve is timed totake place at approximately'the same time that the piston I4 reaches its highest point andignition will then take place to again drive the piston downwardly. The two cams 91 and H0 are positioned to so time the operation of the two valves 43 and 53 respectively,

7 that these valves willopenatthe time that the piston I4 isin its lowest position and the air ad mitted to the expansion space It through operationof these said valveswill assist in scavenging the-burnt gases from theexpansion space t6, as well asto' cool the valves 43 and 53. It is con-'- templated to supply steam to-the expansion space l5 during Diesel" operation byoperation of the valves 4-! and 53 through the medium of the cams Although the operation of only a single cylinderund'er Diesel power has been described,'it

will of course be understood that all or any number of cylinders may atany time be operated under-Diesel power by proper setting of the parts associated therewith. I

For the purpose of describing steam operation of the engine, let us temporarily consider only cylinder B and the parts associated therewith.

For operation ofcylinder B under steam power the partsassociated therewith will be set totake the' posi-tion' shown at the right of Fig. 5; The crank shaft 59- will be locked by the dog, 86: in

such position that the Diesel'intake valve rocker arm M is in its highest relation in such position that' the cam roller M thereof cannot be struck by the Dieselcam 89: The other two rocker' arms 62 and 63 will then of course be set in their lowest relation. The steam intake cam ring- 95 will be locked by means of block I83 to the outer sliding shaft IS in such position that the cam 91 is disposed to the leftof the earn roil er'i'or'steam intake valve rocker. arm 63 and the steam intake cam 96 is disposed so that it maybebrought' more or less into line with the said cam-roller by sliding movement of the ring '95 and outer sliding shaft 16 to theleft, The steamexhaust camring I08 will be-'locked to the-earn shaft 59 in its extreme left handviewed in Fig. 5 by engagementot the plunger il' l' in the notches H. Valve ls in air supply-conduit II will be closed, valve It will be swung'through 90" from its position shown Fig. 2 ,to permit the travel of gases from the expansion chamber I6 through the outlet 23 and exhaust steam, pipe I 33 to the steam utilizing device: 131. I Valve 50 will be disposed as shown in Fig. 2, to permit travel of steam under pressure through the conduit 5| to the passage 48-, while valve 55 will be set to falls below the pressure for which the hydraulic pressure regulator I24 is setji. e. if there. is -a call for'steam for process use or for heating or the like, the hydraulic pressure regulator'ifl will cause the rod I25 to move toward the right as viewed in Fig. 1, thereby causing the shipper lever I26 to shift the shipper ring I9 to the left as viewed in Figs. :1 and 5, (assuming shipper ring 82 to be moved to the left toposition thecross pin 81 adjacent the leftends of the slots As the shipper ring I9 moves to the. left, the outer sliding shaft I8.will of course be moved there-' with to slide the steam intake .camri'ng 95 toward the left or to such a point, that'the steam intake cam 38' is alinedwith the cam roller' 64 on the steam intake valve rocker arm 63; Movement of the outer sliding shaft IS in this direction is permitted irrespective of the positioning of the bar 81 by reason of the provisional the slots in the outer sliding shaft I6. As the ring '93 is not locked in engagement with the cam shaft/69 at this time, the cam shaft does not interfere with this movement. 69 rotates, the steam intake cam-'86 will of'course engage the cam roller .64 of the steam intake valve rocker arm 63 and it will raise the roller 'end of this rocker arm. The roller end of the said rocker arm will be raised for different periods oftime dependent on the distance that the ring 951s slid to the left as viewed in Fig. 5. In other words the roller end of theflrocker arm 63 will be held raised. during different periods of time because of the peculiar shape of the cani196 and because this cam. is controlled in its sliding movement to the left and right by the hydraulic pressure regulator I24, which is responsive to the needs for steam by the steam utilizing. device I34; The shipperring 82 acts as a master control regulating the sliding movement of the sliding shaft I6. The position of the shipper ring 82 is of course controlled through the medium of: the .cen-

trifugal hydraulic governor. I22: bythe power re"- quirements of the engine. If power-requirements of the engine to drive the power drivenmechanism IM'I" at constant speed are not such; as to cause the ring 82 'to. be moved sufllcientlyto the left as viewed in Fig. 5,,-to:in .turn the shipper As the cam shaft operation of steam utilizing device I34.

ring 19 to move sufficiently to the left in order that suflicient steam may be supplied for meeting the demands of the steam utilizing device I34 as determined by the hydraulic pressure regulator I24, then the rod I25 will move to theright as viewed in Fig. 1, while movement of the lower end of the shipper lever I26 to the left will be stopped by reasonv of the fact that the shipper ring I9 moving to the left will strike the shipper ring 82. The spring pressed pin, I28 will then kick upwardly out of its notch I30 in rod I25 to permit sliding movement of the rod I25 to the right without carrying the shipper lever, I 26 therewith. When this occurs, it will be significant of the fact that more steam must be supplied than can be obtained through operation of the cylinder B under steam for process work or for heating.

The steam exhaust cam I09 being in line with the cam roller 64 of the steam exhaust valve rocker arm 62 will of course strike this roller to raise the roller end of rocker arm 62 as the cam shaft 69 rotates.

At the time that the piston I4 of cylinder B under steam operation is at the upper end of its stroke, the steam intake valve rocker arm 63 will depress the steam intake valve 43 to inject steam under high pressure into the expansion space I B. This steam being supplied through the mouth 5I to conduit 49, passage 48 and valve cage 4|. The flange 46 has the same area as the head of the valve 43 so that pressure at both ends of the valve 43 will be the same to permit proper injection of steam into the expansion space IS. The steam admitted to the expansion space I6 will of coursev drive the piston downwardly to its lowermost position whereupon unifiow exhaust of steamwill take place through the exhaust port as this port is uncovered by depression of the piston I4. The exhaust steam will then travel through the conduit 2I and outlet 23 to the exhaust steam pipe I33, whereupon it may be distributed to the steam utilizing device I34 for utilization. At the same time that the port 20 is uncovered by depression of the piston H, the exhaust valve rocker arm 62 will open the exhaust valve 53 to permit contra-flow exhaust of steam from the expansion space I 5 through the conduit 54 and outlet 58 thereof.

This exhaust steam will also run to the exhaust while the remaining cylinders are operated'under steam power. If certain cylinders are operated under Diesel power, and other cylinders are operating under steam power, and the pin I28 carried by shipper lever I2'I kicks out from the notch I30, this will be significant of the fact, as has been before pointed out, that there is not suflicientexhaust steam being supplied for proper In other words there will not be enough cylinders under steam operation to supply the demands for steam for process work or for heating. One or more cylinders can then quickly and readily be changed over from Diesel operation to steam operation without stopping the engine. I The proper valves may be turned and by use of ,a spanner wrench in the grooved flanges 98 and III of the proper rings 95 and H18, proper positioning of the steam cams of the cylinders to be changed over can be readily made. and the crank shafts 59properly located for operation of additionalcylinders under steam. Sim-. ilarly if when certain cylinders are under steam operation, it is 'found that the shipperring I9 moves to its extreme position to the right as viewed in Fig. 5, while shipper ring .82 moves to its left hand position it will be known that more exhaust steam is being supplied by the cylinders under steam operation than can be utilized for process work or for heating and-for most efficient operation of the engine, one or more of the cylinders should be changed over from steam operation toDiesel operation. This, of course, can be readily done while the engine is running as above explained. It will be seen that by properly maintaining the correct number of cylinders under steam operation and Diesel operation, the engine can be run most efliciently and economically to produce the requisite amount of power and at the same time to produce the necessary quantity of steam for process work, heating and the like. Peak loads for power and for steam for process use and for heating can be readily taken care of without difiiculty with great economy. The flexibility of the engine for use under widely differing conditions will be readily appreciated.

In starting the engine for use under Diesel operation, one or more cylinders may be first op- Also thedogs 66 may be released operation of the various cylinders in the same manner as two cycle Diesel engines, it will be clearly understood that changes may be made to permit operation ofthe various cylinders in the same manner as four cycle Diesel engines, or as two or four cycle internal combustion engines of any type. The mechanism for changing over the different cylinders from one operation to the other operation and the means for regulating the feed of fuel and steam to. the different cylinders are of course capable of being greatly changed, without departing from the. scope of thefinven tion. It will, of course, be understood that many other changes may be made in the form, details, arrangement and proportions of the various parts without departing from the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:-- v

1. The combination with power driven mechanism and steam utilizing means, of a convertible engine driving said power driven mechanism and supplying exhaust steam to said steam utilizing means, said engine including means for operating it under internal combustion power, means for operating it under steam power and change over mechanism for converting saidengine from operation under one source of power to operation under the other, pressure regulator control mech anism responsive to the requirements of said steam utilizing means and controlling the supply of steam. to said engine and speed governing mechanism maintaining the speed of the engine substantially constant to meet fluctuating requirements of said power driven mechanism, said speed governing'mechanism controllingthe. supply of combustible fluid to said engine and ineluding means restraining said pressure" regulator control mechanism from supplying more steam to said engine than necessary to maintain the speed of the engine proper for meeting the fluctuating requirements of said power driven mechanism.

2. The combination with power driven mechanism and steam utilizing means, of a convertible multi-cylinder engine driving said power driven mechanism and supplying exhaust steam to said steam utilizing means, said engine including means for operating any number of its cylinders under internal combustion power, means for operating any number of its cylinders under steam power and individual change over mechanism for each cylinder for converting the same from op- ,eration under one source of power to operation under the other, pressure. regulator control mechanism responsive to the requirements of said steam utilizing means and controlling the supply of steam to the cylinders under steam operation, and speed governing mechanism maintaining the speed of the engine substantiallyconstant to meet fluctuating requirements of said power driven mechanism, said speed governing mechanism controlling'the supply of combustion fluid to the cylinders under internal combustion power operation and including means restraining said pressure regulator control mechanism from supplying more steam to the cylinders under steam operation than necessary to maintain the speed of the engine proper for meeting the fluctuating requirements of said power driven mechanism.

3. A reciprocating engine comprising a plurality of cylinders each forming an expansion space, pistons working within the respective cylinders, exhaust ports affording communication with respective expansion spaces at certain times,

steam admission valves for the respective cylinders affording communication with the respective expansion spaces thereof, controlled means for supplying steam under pressure to said steam admission valves, liquid fluid injection valves for the respective cylinders affording communication with the respective expansion spaces, controlled means for supplying explosive fluids to said fluid injection valves, rocker arms mounted for, operation of the respective steam admission and fluid injection valves, acam shaft, steam admission valve cams slidably mounted on said cam shaft, fluid injection valve cams slidably mounted on said cam shaft, means for individually locating the rocker arms for each cylinder relative to the various cams for the same cylinder to-permit opcration' of only the steam admission valve of the cylinder from the steam admission cam while preventing operation of the fluid injection valve bythe fluid injection valve cam and vice versa, whereby any number of cylinders may beplaced under operation bysteam power and any number of cylinders maybe placed under operation by internal combustion power, a centrifugal hydraulic governor controlling the position of the fluid injection cams, and including means acting as a master'- control for the steam admission'valve cams, and a hydraulic'pressure regulator controlling the positioning of thesteam admission valve cams subject to the action of the centrifugal hydraulic governor.

4. A reciprocating engine comprising a cylind'erforming anexpansion space, a piston'working. within the cylinder, an exhaust port communicating withsaid expansion space at certain times,- asteam'admission valve affording commu'nicationwithsaid expansion space, controlled means-=- for supplying steam under pressure to said admission valve, an explosive fluid injection valve affording communication with said expansion space, controlled means forrsupplying explosive fluids to said fluid injection valve, a steam admission valve rocker arm, a fluid injection is slid in one direction, a'fluid injection valve cam mounted on the second mentioned sliding shaft for sliding movement'therewith into alinement with the fluid injection valve rocker arm, means for shifting the position of the fluid injection valverocker' a'rm from-the position where the fluid injection valve cam may strike thesame during its sliding movement to a position where it can not strike the same, mean'sfor shifting said first mentioned sliding shaft and-means for shiftingsaid second mentioned sliding shaft whereby the' cylinder may be placed under steam operation or the cylinder may be placed under internal combustion operation.

5. A reciprocating engine comprising a plurality of cylinders each forming an expansion space, pistons working within the respective cylinders, an exhaust port for each cylinder communicating with the expansion'space thereof 'at certain times, a steam admission valve for each cylinder affording communication with the expansion space thereof, controlled means for supplying steam under pressure to said steam 7 rocker armfor each cylinder, a tubular cam shaft,

first and second sliding shafts disposed within said cam shaft, a steam admission valve cam for each cylinder mounted for sliding movement on said cam shaft, means for locking each'steam admission valve cam in one position to said cam shaft out of line with a steam admission valve rocker arm adjacent thereto andin another position tonne of said" sliding shafts in position to move into line withits" steam admission valve rockerarm as the first mentioned sliding shaft.

is slid in one direction, a fluid injection valve cam for each cylinder mounted on the second mentioned sliding shaft for sliding movement therewith into alinemen't with the fluid injection valve rocker arm of the particular cylinder, means for shifting the position of the fluid injection valve rocker arm ofeach' cylinder from the position where the fluid injection valve cam of the particular cylinder" may strike the" same during its sliding movement to a position where it cannot strike the same, means'for' shifting said first mentioned sliding shaft and means for shifting said second ,m'entioned' sliding shaft whereby any number of cylinders may be placed under steam operation and any number of cylinders may be placed under internal combustion operation. r

6. A reciprocating enginecomprising'a cylinder forming an expansion space, a piston working within the" cylinder. an" exhaust port com municating with said expansion space at certain times, a steam admission valve affording communication with said expansion space at certain times, means for supplying steam under pressure to said admission valve, an explosive fluid injection valve affording communication with said expansion space at certain times, means for supplying explosive fluids to said fluid injection valve, a steam admission valve rocker arm, a fluid injection valve rocker arm, a tubular cam shaft, first and second sliding shafts disposed within said cam shaft, a steam admission valve cam mounted for sliding movement on said cam shaft, means for locking said steam admission valve cam out of line with said steam admission valve rocker arm, means for locking said steam admission valve cam to one of said sliding shafts in a position to move into line with said steam admission valve rocker arm as the first mentioned sliding shaft is slid in one direction, a fluid injection valve cam mounted on the second mentioned sliding shaft for sliding movement therewith into alinement with the fluid injection valve rocker arm, means for shifting the position of the fluid injection valve rocker arm from the position where the fluid injection valve cam may strike the same during its sliding movement to a position where it can not strike the same, automatically controlled means for shifting said first mentioned sliding shaft and automatically controlled means for shifting said second mentioned sliding shaft whereby the cylinder may be placed under automatically controlled steam operation or the cylinder may be placed under automatically controlled internal combustion operation.

'7. A reciprocating engine comprising a plurality of cylinders each forming an expansion space, pistons working within the respective cylinders, an exhaust port for each cylinder communicating with the expansion space thereof at certain times, a steam admission valve for each cylinder affording communication with the expansion space thereof at certain times, means for supplying steam under pressure to said expansion spaces, an explosive fluid injection valve for each cylinder affording communication with the expansion space thereof at certain times, means for supplying explosive fluids to said 'fluid injection valves, a steam admission valve rocker arm for each cylinder, a fluid injection valve rocker arm for each cylinder, a tubular cam shaft, first and second sliding shafts disposed Within said cam shaft, a steam admission valve cam for each cylinder mounted for sliding movement on said cam shaft, means for locking each steam admission valve cam out of line witha steam admission valve rocker arm adjacent thereto, means for locking each steam admission.

valve cam to one of said sliding shafts in a position to move into line withits steam admission valve rocker arm as the first mentioned sliding shaft is slid in one direction, a fluid injection valve cam for each cylinder mounted on the second mentioned sliding shaft for sliding movement therewith into alinement with the fluid injection valve rocker arm of the particular cylinder, means for shifting the position of the fluid injection valve rocker arm of each cylinder from the position where the fluid injection valve cam of the particular cylinder may strike the same during its sliding movement to a position where it cannot strike the same, automatically controlled means for shifting said first mentioned sliding shaft and automatically controlled means for shifting said second mentioned sliding shaft whereby any number of cylinders may be placed under automatically controlled steam operation and any number of cylinders may be placed under automatically controlled internal combustion operation.

JOHN H.'JOHNSON. 

